What is the aim of unbundling? It is an end in itself, or a means to an end? If the former then perhaps the answer is structural separation between wholesale and retail. If the latter, how do we know when that end has arrived? For instance, how do we measure the level of local service competition? By the market shares of the operators? By the penetration rate of networks among residential and business customers? By trends in prices and quality and range of services on offer?
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